Report On Customer Satisfaction in the Hotel and Restaurant Industry

Introduction This report provides credible information pertaining to customer satisfaction that remains a key element that institutions with strong performance orientation should uphold. This is important since customers are major stakeholders who define the level of performance in terms of product turnover and profitability in various institutions. Their role is critical in ensuring the achievement of institutional objectives.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Report On Customer Satisfaction in the Hotel and Restaurant Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As contained in the report, corporations are currently refocusing their potential in producing quality services and products with an aim of meeting the varying needs of consumers. Indeed, institutions are developing viable operating strategies to foster customer attraction and retention. This is evident in various sectors especially in the hotel industry th at is characterized by stiff competition. Institutions that operate in the sector emphasize on customer satisfaction as a competitive strategy. Customer satisfaction in hotels and restaurants As indicated by Hill Jim (279), customer satisfaction is a key performance driver in the hospitality industry. This explains why most institutions that provide hotel or restaurant services are focusing on providing quality services to consumers. They are keen to providing customized services to consumers in an efficient and timely manner. This helps in attracting and retaining consumers in the sector that has been facing serious challenges that have resulted into stiff competition (Hill Jim 279). Operators in the industry cite hygiene, affordability, quality of service delivery, aromatic meals and variety of food items as influential elements that affect decision making of consumers. They assert that any institution that seeks to record success in the industry must perform credible research t o ascertain customer needs and provide quality services that match the needs with limited complications. Firstly, they must ensure that services are provided under absolute hygiene conditions to guarantee health safety of consumers. That is food items must be prepared under high level of hygiene conditions and in a clean environment. This is essential in preventing attraction of various diseases by customers due to poor health standards. Quality service delivery is also a fundamental element that drives performance in the hotel industry. Hotels and restaurants should ensure that all aspects of quality that entail timely service delivery, excellent product packaging and taste of food are administered effectively (Hill Jim 279). This should be done to guarantee customer satisfaction by ensuring prompt service delivery. Consequently, affordability of food stuff is essential for consumers. This is evident since consumers require quality service delivery at an affordable cost. The cost should be favorable to ensure that consumers are served effectively irrespective of their economic status.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As noted by Novikova (1) achieving high level of performance in the hotel industry is dependent on how well an institution manages its operations. For instance, institutions should provide quality products that are tailor made to meet consumer needs under innovative ideals. They should also adopt conventional operating techniques that foster creativity and effective communication. This explains why innovation, creativity and effective communication are key elements that are crucial in ensuring timely, fair and quality service delivery in the sector. Evidently, gaining competitiveness in hotel industry requires immense creativity. This is vital in facilitating the development of favorable food menu, prices and quality food content that me et consumer expectations (Novikova 3). Conclusion It is imperative to conclude that the provision of satisfactory services to customers in hotel industry requires adherence to consumer needs. This is vital in ensuring the provision of timely services, affordable, quality, well packaged and prepared food items that guarantee consumers’ high value. Works Cited Hill, Nigel Jim, Alexander.  The Handbook of Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty  Measurement. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Gower, 2006. Print. Novikova, Ksenia.  A Study of Customer Satisfaction Factors and Employee Satisfaction  in the Hospitality Industry. London: Gower, 2009. Print. This report on Report On Customer Satisfaction in the Hotel and Restaurant Industry was written and submitted by user Carlee U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

As Good as It Gets Movie Reflection essays

As Good as It Gets Movie Reflection essays As Good as It Gets was a great movie when it comes to showing how relationships develop. In the movie Jack Nicholson is a mean old man that does not like anyone but finds the need to start having someone in his life after he watches his neighbors dog. The woman that he starts wanting to have more and more in his life is Helen Hunts character. The movie is a great way to see how unique relationships are and how they develop. In the movie there are three relationships that develop, all of which involve Jack Nicholsons character. The first relationship that develops is between Nicholson and his neighbors dog. The relationship really got the whole needing someone feeling rolling in Nicholsons life. The second relationship that developed was with Helen Hunts character, the waitress. Because of Nicholsons OCD he went to her restaurant every morning to eat breakfast. He started to relative he likes her more then just his waitress and they start to develop their relationship more and more after Nicholson paid for her son to see a specialist for his medical condition. The third relationship that developed was with his neighbor, Simon. In the beginning Nicholson hated his neighbor because he was a homosexual and an artist. As the movie progressed their relationship developed more and more to where eventually Nicholson let Simon move into his apartment because he got evicted from his own. Out of the relationships listed the two relationships that develop in totally different ways would have to be between Nicholson/Hunt and Nicholson/Simon. The Nicholson/Hunt relationship was there ever since he went to her restaurant, it just was not a serious one. The relationship between Nicholson/Simon grew out of nothing into pretty good friends. So the Nicholson/Hunt relationship grew from a one sided relationship and the Nicholson/Simon relationship grew from hatred to friendship. ...

Moderate Sedation by K2N Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Moderate Sedation by K2N - Assignment Example As K2N points out, everyone will be brought up to the same level of education in Capnography readings and waveforms, and this will include a full listing of the training modules, including PowerPoints, which will be made available, presumably, on the center’s Intranet. K2N, however, does not present a specific initial method of disseminating the information, such as in a roundtable, for the initial overview. Center Leadership should always be included in the first output of dissemination of the information regarding the program, including the Financial Officer, who must make a financial determination of the cost in using this tool more often, and what it will cost to maintain it accordingly. Accordingly, if current staff members, who are already knowledgeable in how to use the apparatus, will be required to conduct the training, then a schedule may need to be designed to allow for such training, so no one person is teaching more than another one (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 201 1).As K2N points out, everyone will be brought up to the same level of education in Capnography readings and waveforms, and this will include a full listing of the training modules, including PowerPoints, which will be made available, presumably, on the center’s Intranet. K2N, however, does not present a specific initial method of disseminating the information, such as in a roundtable, for the initial overview. Center Leadership should always be included in the first output of dissemination of the information regarding the program, including the Financial Officer, who must make a financial determination of the cost in using this tool more often, and what it will cost to maintain it accordingly. Accordingly, if current staff members, who are already knowledgeable in how to use the apparatus, will be required to conduct the training, then a schedule may need to be designed to allow for such training, so no one person is teaching more than another one (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2011). This plan looks to be a very promising addition to the function of the emergency department, albeit that there are some wrinkles that will need to be smoothed out before implementation. The plan, in dissemination of the information, is a bit vague, but implementation will be an important addition to the emergency department. There should also be a review after a certain number of weeks, maybe two, to determine how the program is working, relative to the success in the emergency department, and how finances are affected by the changes.  

Risk Management (Firms and organisations within the healthcare sector) Essay

Risk Management (Firms and organisations within the healthcare sector) - Essay Example Upon questioning our Chief Information Officer regarding risk assessment and management in our organization, I was informed that we had a very well-developed system in place, one whose efficiency and effectiveness were an outcome of trial and error. At the end of the 20th century, we have witnessed the massive transition from isolated, disconnected computers to networked computer clusters all over the world. At present time, there are an estimated 250 million networked hosts world-wide (Telcordia, 2002). This global pervasive connectivity has been a boon for consumers, businesses and governments alike due to the ease, convenience and speed of electronic data exchange. However, the ease of use and relative anonymity that the Internet affords has been leveraged by criminal elements, as well. Indeed, no private, commercial or government agency is completely safe or has been unaffected by the proliferation of this kind of cyber-crime. E-Commerce Times reported that the ILOVEYOUvirus affected 45 million hosts and inflicted monetary damages to the tune of estimated $2.6 billion (Enos, 2000). The infamous Melissa macro virus caused an estimated $300 million in damage in 1999 and several prominent e-commerce sites were hit by Distribut ed Denial of Service attacks in the beginning of 2000 (Committee on Science, 2000). The estimated worldwide damage caused by automated digital attacks over $30 billion for 2002 (Economic Damage, 2002). These estimated damage figures have to be taken with a grain of salt, but the trend is clear. Moreover, in just a dozen years' time, the propagation speed, as well as the estimated damages has increased by five, and two orders of magnitude, respectively. The healthcare organization in question has been affected by both viruses and DoS attacks. As the Chief Information Officer noted, each virus or DoS incident proved extremely costly, whether calculated in terms of financial loss or the cost of resolving the problem. Therefore, to prevent, or limit, the possibility of future attacks, the organization has adopted a rather comprehensive information security framework. Key components of this framework, according to the CIO, are risk assessment and risk management. 3 Risk Assessment Risk is commonly defined as the product of probability and severity of adverse effects, and the most common approach to quantify risk is a single figure - its expected value [Hai98, p. 29]. Mathematically speaking, given a random variable with probability function and loss function , the expected risk value in the discrete case is equal to . It is apparent that these are generic probability weighed averaging formulas. As further explained by the CIO, its semantic specialization into an expected value of risk occurs through the loss function. The unit of the expected risk value is the unit used by the loss function and could be downtime, cost, credibility, etc. As a preliminary example, the simplified risk of attack consequences on a host that is running one application is shown in the table below: Hypothetical Risk Confronted by the Healthcare

Developing ethnicity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Developing ethnicity - Assignment Example Ethnicity is an important mean through which people can identify themselves. For example, it is easy for a Chinese citizen to identify another one even in countries other than China. The appearance, language, behavior, culture etc can help a person in identifying another one. â€Å"No two individuals are alike†. Same way no two ethnic groups are alike. All the ethnic groups have their own peculiarities and characteristics which segregate them from other ethnic communities. Ethnic identity can be changed even from the early childhood. Changes in ethnic identity can take place through life experiences and social interactions. Knowledge of other cultures and traits can influence a person a lot. The attitude towards other cultures is important in shaping the personality of a person. Adamant in attitudes and beliefs, would never a help a person to accept the goods from other ethnic communities. Autocratic attitudes or dictatorship is not a good character for shaping one’s personality. We must seek lessons from every experience we face in our life During my early childhood, I lived in China and was in constant touch with the Chinese community. As everybody knows, China is a country which is ruled by a socialist regime which allows only restricted freedom for religious activities. I belong to the Buddhist community and my parents were keen in brought me up by teaching me the lessons of Buddhist’s doctrines. Our religion says that â€Å"Desire is the cause of mystery† and my parents were keen in teaching this great principle to us. My father was a liberal person and he kept an open mind towards all the goods from other ethnic groups. He has kept a positive attitude towards other languages and often used some words from English language at my home. Thus I have developed a strong curiosity even from my early childhood to learn English. During my childhood I got the opportunity to play with an American boy who was staying near to my home

Every Kind Of Oppression In Our Lives Philosophy Essay

Every Kind Of Oppression In Our Lives Philosophy Essay Oppression is defined in dictionaries as the exercise of authority or power in a burdensome, cruel, or unjust manner. We can see every kind of oppression in our lives. In a family, for example, a father may force his daughter to become a doctor just because he wanted so while she wants to become a painter. A man may urge his wife to dress up in the way he wanted; he may not let her wear skinny jeans. These two are just simple examples from our daily life. And governments, as well as people, may exercise power on their people. Government is a group of people with the authority to govern a country or a political state. In every part of the world, even in the smallest countries, there is a corporation called government. To me, an ideal government does care about its citizens and all their wills. The ideal government makes decisions with regard to the laws, it treats every citizen equally. Its first aim is to provide its people with their fundamental rights and make a peaceful environment for them. However, unfortunately, very few governments do these duties. There are many examples of the governments which use their authority to restrict their citizens rights. In Saudi Arabia, for example, women cannot drive cars only because the government thinks it is not appropriate with respect to the religious rules. In Iran, it is forbidden by law to use Facebook or Twitter. And even in our country, Turkey, you may end up in prison only because you wrote something against the government on the internet. As a consequence, the governments may sometimes exceed the limit and use their power in an unfavorable way. V for Vendetta is a comic book written by Alan Moore and David Lloyd. In 2005, the book was adopted to a movie, directed by James McTeigue. The movie is set in the Great Britain in the near future. Under the guise of several terrorist acts, a totalitarian government is elected to Parliament under Chancellor Adam Sutler to save the country from these terrorists. The government eventually becomes cruel, corrupt, and oppressive to the people. Driven by a personal vendetta, a mysterious individual William comes to the forefront to take up the cause of freedom. He wears a mask of Guy Fawkes to cover his face, and changes his name to only V. V takes over the TV station and broadcasts a message to the country condemning the oppressors in Parliament. V invites all the people to join him in one year on Guy Fawkes Night to see him complete what Guy Fawkes couldnt, blow up Parliament. In the movie V for Vendetta, people watch TV too much, just like in the book Fahrenheit 451 by Rad Bradbury. They know of what is going on in their country only via TV, and the programs in television are strictly controlled by the government. The government in V for Vendetta is actually a fascist state because it does not have any tolerance to the differences in the society. What is different or unusual is dangerous. Anyone who does not support the governments policy, or who has different life choices is arrested and even may be sentenced to death. In the book Fahrenheit 451, there are firemen who burn books. They burn book because books are considered dangerous. In the country, the Fahrenheit 451 set, the people do not enjoy nature, spend time by themselves, think independently, or have meaningful conversations. Reading books and thinking about them, or just thinking itself is classified as a confusing and unnecessary activity. Therefore, anything that guides us to think is forbidden or restricted in the Fahrenheit 451 society. Likewise, in the V for Vendetta, there are secret police. Their duty is to spy for the government and try to capture people who are against the government. The people are being controlled by the leaders of their country to make sure they behave themselves and not try to rebel. In Fahrenheit 451, the character Beatty explains the reason why books are burned saying that all people want to be happy. Reading and thinking are challenging activities; they push our brain too much. A confused person cannot be happy, so instead of reading books, people prefer watching programs that entertain them. However, this feeling of happiness is artificial, because those people live a life even without thinking about the way they live it. Regarding this issue, the character V in the movie V for Vendetta says: Happiness is a prison, Evey. Happiness is the most insidious prison of all. The government in V for Vendetta came to power after a series of wars, famines and diseases. Sometimes TV channels, which are of course under the control of the government, broadcast news about these bad memories. By doing so, they try to give the message: Without our government these bad incidents would occur again. Be grateful and obedience to your government. It is one of the policies the government practices, pretending as if everything is alright in the society and threatening them subtly. The other policy is of course violence. The government is a fascist state, which does not avoid torturing its own citizens. However, we all know that in a society where violence and pressure prevails, peace and order cannot be permanent. Regarding this issue, in the movie the character V says: Equality and freedom are not luxuries to lightly cast aside. Without them, order cannot long endure before approaching depths beyond imagining. As I mentioned earlier, the government does not allow for the different ideas, different life choices. It tries to make everyone the same, like the sheep obeying unconditionally. The governments supporters claim that after this party came to power; peace, prosperity and equality flourished in the society. They use the term equality, but they actually mean being the same. In Fahrenheit 451, the character Beatty says We must all be alike. Not everyone born free and equal, as the constitution says, but everyone made equal. So, we can conclude that not sticking to the status quo is considered inappropriate, even wrong. I think the movie V for Vendetta would be censored in the fictional world of Fahrenheit 451, because the movie makes people think deeply. In Fahrenheit 451, anything that encourages people to think or question is censored. The character Beatty says Books dont say anything. They are fiction, philosophy, argument, but nothing tangible or real. They make you feel lost. Books are burned, only meaningless programs are shown in TV. People obey rules; say they are happy. But they do not even bother to ask what happiness really is. They live recklessly and aimlessly. They do not wonder how it feels reading a book. And thus, they do not have the slightest idea to challenge government and its policy. Rebellion and fighting against the pressure are the main themes of the movie V for Vendetta. In the film, the main character V tries to awake the public and rally them to fight against the fascist government. He tries to explain how idleness and not fighting for rights cause a government to strip rights and freedom from the public. The people in the Fahrenheit 451 society do not ask for their right to read books, watch programs they wish as well. V for Vendetta would be censored in Fahrenheit 451 world because this movie encourages critical thinking. Even in our world, real world, people must have thought about their own governments, their own life. They must have asked themselves questions concerning the way they live. How free are we? Are we aware of all the things happening around us? Do we really understand the meaning of our lives deeply? Like the character Faber in Fahrenheit 451 says Do we have time to think? Before considering authority or the government, we should ask ourselves these important questions. The people in Fahrenheit 451 live in a way consume, obey, die. This kind of life is definitely not worth living. To sum up, everywhere in the world figures like parents or governments that use force upon us, limit our rights. But the important thing is not to surrender and to demand our rights. Every human has the right to live the way they want to. We all should be able to read every book, movie or song published and to judge them according to our own opinions, not according to an authoritys. And if there is a pressure in question, we should raise our voices and defend our rights. As suggested in the movie V for Vendetta, we should stick together and not be afraid of the government or of any power figure. As we become more silent, the dominant authority tends to put pressure on us. The character V says: People shouldnt be afraid of their government. Governments should be afraid of their people. So do not be afraid of trying to get what is already yours. We only live once, so we should enjoy discovering our lives, our world as much as we can.

William Henry Harrison :: essays research papers

William Henry Harrison William Henry Harrison was born in Berkeley, Virginia in 1773. He grew up on a farm and worked as a planter. At the age of 18 he attended Hampden Sydney College. There he studied history, later on he went to study medicine in Richmond, Virginia. That same year he switched his interest an in 1791 he joined the First Infantry of the Regular Army. Harrison then headed to the Northwest, where he spent much of his life. During his time in the Army he served as an aid to General â€Å"Mad Anthony† Wayne. Together they fought in the Battle of Fallen Timbers. The win of this battle opened most of the Ohio area to settlement. In 1798 he resigned from the Army and became Secretary of the Northwest Territory. There he was the first delegate to Congress, and obtained a legislation dividing the territory Into the northwest and Indiana territories. In 1801 he became the governor of the Indiana Territory, serving 12 years. Harrison was responsible for defending all of the settlements from the Indians. In 1809 a powerful Indian force led by an energetic chieftain Tecumseh posed a threat to the settlers. Tecumseh was responsible for strengthening the Indian confederation to prevent settlers from moving in on their territory. However on November 7, 1871 Harrison planned an attack on the Indian Confederacy. As Harrison’s men moved in they were attacked at the Tippecanoe River. 190 men were dead or wounded, this was known as the Battle of Tippecanoe. Although Harrison experienced a loss of men, he still led victorious. The Indians were still persistent in their raids against Harrison and the settlers. Harrison was given the title of brigadier general of the army during the War of 1812. He also defeated the combined British and Indian forces at the Battle of the Thames on October 5, 1813. There he killed Tecumseh and forced all the Indians to the Northwest. After his victory he returned to civilian life and nominated by the Whigs to be president in 1840. Tragically after being in office not even a month he passed away.

Environmental Groups Essay

Environmental Groups Tiffany Tremaine May 2, 2011 Environmental Policies 310 Instructor: David Monda Environmental Working Group known as EWG is an Environmental interest group working to protect kids from toxic chemicals in our food, water, air, and other products we use every day. The mission of the Environmental Working Group is to use the power of public information to protect public health and the environment. EWG is a 501(c) (3) non-profit organization, founded in 1993 by Ken Cook and Richard Wiles. In 2002, we founded the EWG Action Fund, a 501(c) (4) organization that advocates on Capitol Hill for health-protective and subsidy-shifting policies. EWG specializes in providing useful resources (like Skin Deep and the EWG’s Shopper’s Guide to Pesticidesâ„ ¢) to consumers while simultaneously pushing for national policy change. EWG two main goals are to protect the most vulnerable segments of the human population—children, babies, and infants in the womb—from health problems attributed to a wide array of toxic contaminants and to replace federal policies, including government subsidies that damage the environment and natural resources, with policies that invest in conservation and sustainable development. Their research brings to light unsettling facts that you have a right to know. It shames and shakes up polluters and their lobbyists. It rattles politicians and shapes policy. It persuades bureaucracies to rethink science and strengthen regulation. It provides practical information you can use to protect your family and community. And because our investigations and interactive websites tend to make news, you’ve probably heard about them. EWG primary funding is donations, grants, corporations backing, as well as interest and support from every day people. The cost is whatever the member (supporter) would like to donate. There are many different ways to donate and the donations can either be tax right offs or not. EWG gives many ways to donate, credit card or check, and their supporters can either make a one-time contribution or pay monthly. The donation helps support EWG Action Fund’s Kid-Safe Chemicals Campaign fight for organic produce, get dangerous chemicals out of your food and water, and protect your favorite national parks from mining destruction. In 2009 and 2010 EWG have accomplished Toxic chemical reform, Energy policy, Banning BPA, Highlighting cell phone radiation risks, Shedding light on secret chemicals, Pushing for more effective sunscreens, Banning phthalates, Phasing out Deca, Protecting ground water from gas-drilling chemicals, Saving the Grand Canyon, and Fighting for safer tap water. EWG motives, viewpoints, and organizational features make them successful in the public policy arena. This Environmental Working Group is successful in the public policy arena. After researching just a couple of their accomplishments are in the public arena. References Z. Smith, 2009, The Environmental Policy Paradox, 5th Edition 1993, http://www. ewg. org/

Air Quality Essays - Aerosols, Air Pollution, Free Essays

Air Quality Essays - Aerosols, Air Pollution, Free Essays Air Quality Air Quality & Dispersion Today, the air quality aspect of ARL research is by far the dominant theme, but distinctions among the themes remain somewhat vague. For example, the models developed for emergency response purposes are among those used for air quality prediction. The Air Quality and Dispersion theme is one of the strongest ties that binds ARL's components together. ARL is not heavily involved in the pure science of the business. Instead, ARL focusses on the need to assemble integrated understanding and models from all available sources, to develop the capability to predict changes in air quality that will follow changes in emissions, or that will occur as a result of meteorological factors. ARL air quality research extends to studies of atmospheric deposition essentially the coupling between the atmospheric pollutant environment and the surface below. ARL now operates the only research-grade deposition monitoring network in the nation: AIRMoN (the Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network). Programs. Air Quality and Deposition Modeling Air quality models have demanded this kind of coupling for a considerable time. As a result, there are now well-developed descriptions of PBL processes in use in air quality models. ARL research products are now receiving a wider audience, within the mesoscale modeling community at large. It is recognized that modern models are invariably data assimilative, and that modern monitoring programs require coupled modeling activities for data interpretation. Model development programs are supported by a vigorous physical modeling program, located at Research Triangle Park, NC. ARL operates one of the nation's major fluid modeling facilities, at which studies are conducted on the effects of mountains, buildings, and other surface obstacles on atmospheric flow patterns. Integrated Monitoring, and AIRMoN The Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network is an atmospheric component to the overall national integrated monitoring initiative that is currently evolving. AIRMoN has two principal components: wet and dry deposition. ARL presently focuses its research attention on the measurement of precipitation chemistry with fine time resolution (AIRMoN-wet), the development of systems for measuring deposition, both wet and dry, the measurement of dry deposition using micrometeorological methods (AIRMoN-dry), the development of techniques for assessing air-surface exchange in areas (such as specific watersheds) where intensive studies are not feasible, and the extension of local measurements and knowledge to describe areal average exchange in numerical models. Aerosols and visibility ARL specializes in the geochemical cycling of atmospheric aerosols, particularly the particulate component. Research groups in ARL concentrate on (a) the injection of dust and soil particles into the atmosphere, (b) the transport of particles through the atmosphere, the production of aerosol particles in the air by chemical reactions, (d) the scavenging of airborne particles by clouds and their subsequent deposition in precipitation, (e) the dry deposition of particles as air moves across different landscapes, and (f) the assembly of numerical models. Specific topics include the injection of dust and soil particles into the atmosphere, the long-range transport of particles through the atmosphere, the production of aerosol particles in the air by chemical reactions, the scavenging of airborne particles by clouds and their subsequent deposition in precipitation, and the dry deposition of particles as air moves across different landscapes. International ARL serves as the leader of the U.S. multi-agency effort to impose formalized and uniform quality assurance programs on the many national air quality and deposition monitoring networks that are operational around the globe. How are ozone concentrations calculated with Hysplit? Ozone is then calculated from the photostationary state equation. The IER solution is used in the operational Hysplit ozone calculation. The pollutant particles are tracked and air concentrations for each species are computed each advection time step following the usual lagrangian approaches. At the conclusion of the advection step the GRS differential equations are solved on the concentration grid (Eulerian solution), and the change of concentration of each pollutant species is applied to the pollutant mass on the particles that contributed concentration to each grid cell. -Eulerian chemistry solution on the grid dc/dt = Equations 1 - 7} 1) ROC + hv -* RP + ROC Nitric oxide-ozone titration reaction 5) RP + RP -* RP k5 = 10200 Sink for nitrogen dioxide to stable gaseous nitrates

Identifying a Bug vs Insect

Identifying a Bug vs Insect The word bug is often used as a generic term to refer to any type of small crawling critter, and it is not only kids and unknowing adults who use the term this way. Many scientific experts, even trained entomologists, will use the term bug to refer to a wide range of small creatures, especially when they are speaking conversationally to the general public.   The Technical Definition of a Bug Technically, or taxonomically, a bug is a creature that belongs to the insect order Hemiptera, known commonly as the true bugs. Aphids, cicadas, assassin bugs, ants, and a variety of other insects can claim rightful membership in the order Hemiptera. True bugs are defined by the types of mouthparts they possess, which are modified for piercing and sucking. Many members of this order feed on plant fluids, and so their mouths have the structures necessary to penetrate plant tissues. Some Hemipterans, such as aphids, can badly damage or kill plants by feeding in this way. The wings on Hemipterans, the true bugs, fold over one another when at rest; some members lack hind wings altogether. Finally, true bugs always have compound eyes. All Bugs Are Insects, but Not All Insects Are Bugs By the official definition, a large group of insects arent considered bugs, although in common usage they are often lumped together under the same label. Beetles, for example, are not true bugs. Beetles are structurally different from the true bugs of the Hemiptera order, in that their mouthparts are designed for chewing, not piercing. And beetles, which belong to the Coleoptera order, have sheath wings that form hard, shell-like protection for the insect, not the membrane-like wings of the true bugs.   Other common insects that do not qualify as bugs include moths, butterflies, and bees. Again, this has to do with structural differences in the body parts of these insects.   Finally, there are a number of small crawling creatures that are not insects at all, and so cannot be official bugs. MIllipedes, earthworms, and spiders, for example, do not possess the six legs and body segment structures found in insects, and are instead members of different animal orders- spiders are arachnids, while millipedes are myriapods. They may be creepy, crawly critters, but they are not bugs.   Common Usage Calling all insects and all small crawling creatures bugs is a colloquial use of the term, and when scientists and otherwise knowledgeable people use the word in such a way, they are usually doing it to be down-to-earth and folksy. Many highly respected sources use the word bug when they are writing or teaching certain audiences:   Gilbert Waldbauer is a respected entomologist from the University of Illinois. He authored an excellent volume called The Handy Bug Answer Book  which covers everything from scorpions to silverfish.The University of Kentuckys entomology department hosts a website called the  Kentucky Bug Connection. They include information on keeping pet bugs, including tarantulas, mantids, and cockroaches, none of which are actually bugs.The  University of Floridas entomology department  has sponsored a Best of the Bugs award honoring for outstanding insect-related websites. Among their honorees are sites on ants, beetles, flies, and butterflies- no actual true bugs.Iowa States entomology department hosts one of the best arthropod sites around- Bugguide. The site is a database of information and photographs collected by amateur naturalists, covering virtually every North American arthropod. Only a small portion of the species listed belong to the order Hemiptera. A bug is an insect, but not all insects are bugs; some non-insects that are called bugs are neither bugs nor are they insects.  Is everything clear now?

Business Management Skills..... Leadership VS Management Essay

Business Management Skills..... Leadership VS Management - Essay Example The role of a manager is a difficult one. This person has to take with him the whole company and mesh the different processes so that he could get instant results. He is a team leader right from the onset of his job. He needs to get work done from the different people who are working under him. The end result has to be a single goal, one that drives their efforts towards the financial success of the said organization. In doing so, the manager encounters a lot of hindrances, difficulties and hurdles. (Heath, 1994) He has to face a lot of pressure from the top most management, the people who are senior to him even. He has to be accountable to the publics of the organization, which could include the customers and the stakeholders as well since the latter are the people who have invested within the company’s shares and they want a quick buck out of the whole investment drive. On the other hand, business leadership is all about influencing other people in the organization to accomplish a task. It involves directing an organization in that it becomes more coherent and cohesive. Business leadership style can therefore be defined as approach for providing direction. It includes motivation. There are various business leadership styles that exist in business management. They include authoritarian or autocratic, participative or democratic, delegation or free reign business leadership. (Guarrero, 1998) The basic difference between a business leader and a business manager is within their working domains. They are basically doing the same job of managing people but in slightly different capacities. Whereas the business leader looks at forming instructions of his own which he will forward to the middle management, the middle line business managers basically aim to ‘manage’ people in the real sense of the word. This means that business managers have a duty of understanding the deep rooted values of the organization and the same cannot be

Coursework 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Coursework 2 - Essay Example Africans in the Congo were given only a margin education, ordered by missionaries, and served as clerks. Africa was ruled either directly or indirectly by the colonial powers. Officials were appointed from the ruling European country, which also passed laws for its African territory. Africans were taxed by the colonial powers and could not pass any measures without approval from the ruling European power. Although colonization of Africa as a whole was devastating for Africa, there were some positive effects. The spread of Christianity could be considered a good outcome, depending on ones religious outlook. During colonial times, African people came into direct contact with European culture, and may have been able to benefit from some of the new ideas. To some extent, some infrastructure such as railroads were built. In addition, it has been stated that â€Å"time spent under [British] colonial rule is positively associated with democratic survival† (Bernard et. al. 225). But the common consensus is that Africa is still recovering from the period of colonization. The website "Time Travel to the Korean War" does a good job of briefly describing the different periods of the Korean War, organized in separate sections. For instance, the first section presents the final events of World War II that led to the division of Korea along the 38th parallel by the United States and advancing Soviet Union troops from the North. Other sections of this website describe events in Korea between WWII and the Korean War; the events following the Norths attack on the South; counterattack by U.N. troops; the involvement of Chinese and other foreign troops; the aftermath of the war; and recent events in Korea. This website is a good short introduction to the Korean War. The BBC website, "In Depth: The Korean War," offers a brief summary of the war. The site also contains